TitleCancer chemoprevention by dietary chlorophylls: a 12,000-animal dose-dose matrix biomarker and tumor study.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2012
AuthorsMcQuistan TJ, Simonich MT, M Pratt M, Pereira CB, Hendricks JD, Dashwood RH, Williams DE, Bailey GS
JournalFood Chem Toxicol
Volume50
Issue2
Pagination341-52
Date Published2012 Feb
ISSN1873-6351
KeywordsAnimal Feed, Animals, Benzopyrenes, Chlorophyll, Diet, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fish Diseases, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplasms, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Abstract

Recent pilot studies found natural chlorophyll (Chl) to inhibit carcinogen uptake and tumorigenesis in rodent and fish models, and to alter uptake and biodistribution of trace (14)C-aflatoxin B1 in human volunteers. The present study extends these promising findings, using a dose-dose matrix design to examine Chl-mediated effects on dibenzo(def,p)chrysene (DBC)-induced DNA adduct formation, tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, and changes in gene regulation in the trout. The dose-dose matrix design employed an initial 12,360 rainbow trout, which were treated with 0-4000ppm dietary Chl along with 0-225ppm DBC for up to 4weeks. Dietary DBC was found to induce dose-responsive changes in gene expression that were abolished by Chl co-treatment, whereas Chl alone had no effect on the same genes. Chl co-treatment provided a dose-responsive reduction in total DBC-DNA adducts without altering relative adduct intensities along the chromatographic profile. In animals receiving DBC alone, liver tumor incidence (as logit) and tumor multiplicity were linear in DBC dose (as log) up to their maximum-effect dose, and declined thereafter. Chl co-treatment substantially inhibited incidence and multiplicity at DBC doses up to their maximum-effect dose. These results show that Chl concentrations encountered in Chl-rich green vegetables can provide substantial cancer chemoprotection, and suggest that they do so by reducing carcinogen bioavailability. However, at DBC doses above the optima, Chl co-treatments failed to inhibit tumor incidence and significantly enhanced multiplicity. This finding questions the human relevance of chemoprevention studies carried out at high carcinogen doses that are not proven to lie within a linear, or at least monotonic, endpoint dose-response range.

DOI10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.065
Alternate JournalFood Chem. Toxicol.
PubMed ID22079312
PubMed Central IDPMC3486520
Grant ListP30 ES003850-22 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
P01 CA090890 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
CA90890 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
N02CB66600 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
ES00210 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
P30 ES003850 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
ES03850 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States
P01 CA090890-01A2 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
P30 ES000210 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States