Title | A metabolomic analysis of omega-3 fatty acid-mediated attenuation of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in LDLR-/- mice. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Authors | Depner CM, Traber MG, Bobe G, Kensicki E, Bohren KM, Milne G, Jump DB |
Journal | PLoS One |
Volume | 8 |
Issue | 12 |
Pagination | e83756 |
Date Published | 2013 |
ISSN | 1932-6203 |
Keywords | Animals, Carbon, Diet, Disease Models, Animal, Endotoxins, Energy Metabolism, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Fatty Liver, Lipid Peroxidation, Liver, Male, Metabolome, Metabolomics, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Oxidative Stress, Phospholipids, Receptors, LDL, Sphingomyelins |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a risk factor for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Previously, we reported that dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6,n-3) was more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5,n-3) at reversing western diet (WD) induced NASH in LDLR(-/-) mice. METHODS: Using livers from our previous study, we carried out a global non-targeted metabolomic approach to quantify diet-induced changes in hepatic metabolism. RESULTS: Livers from WD + olive oil (WD + O)-fed mice displayed histological and gene expression features consistent with NASH. The metabolomic analysis of 320 metabolites established that the WD and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation had broad effects on all major metabolic pathways. Livers from WD + O-fed mice were enriched in saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), palmitoyl-sphingomyelin, cholesterol, n-6 PUFA, n-6 PUFA-containing phosphoglycerolipids, n-6 PUFA-derived oxidized lipids (12-HETE) and depleted of C20-22 n-3 PUFA-containing phosphoglycerolipids, C20-22 n-3 PUFA-derived oxidized lipids (18-HEPE, 17,18-DiHETE) and S-lactoylglutathione, a methylglyoxal detoxification product. WD + DHA was more effective than WD + EPA at attenuating WD + O-induced changes in NASH gene expression markers, n-6 PUFA and oxidized lipids, citrate and S-lactosyl glutathione. Diet-induced changes in hepatic MUFA and sphingolipid content were associated with changes in expression of enzymes involved in MUFA and sphingolipid synthesis. Changes in hepatic oxidized fatty acids and S-lactoylglutathione, however, correlated with hepatic n-3 and n-6 C20-22 PUFA content. Hepatic C20-22 n-3 PUFA content was inversely associated with hepatic α-tocopherol and ascorbate content and positively associated with urinary F2- and F3-isoprostanes, revealing diet effects on whole body oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: DHA regulation of hepatic SFA, MUFA, PUFA, sphingomyelin, PUFA-derived oxidized lipids and S-lactoylglutathione may explain the protective effects of DHA against WD-induced NASH in LDLR(-/-) mice. |
DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083756 |
Alternate Journal | PLoS ONE |
PubMed ID | 24358308 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC3866250 |
Grant List | R01 DK094600 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States DK043220 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States DK094600 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States |